Startup Law 101 Series - Tips From a Business Lawyer on Becoming a Founder

Introductionpressures to all manner of other obstacles. When
Why become a founder? What are some thingsyou get past all of this, or at least most it, you
you can do to become a successful founder?will have built "good will" -- that is, a going concern
Having worked extensively with founders as avalue for your venture. Good will is really nothing
startup business lawyer in Silicon Valley for manymore than the advantages you gain from the
years now, and having built my own business asblood you have spilled. It is a huge plus that
well, I have a few tips to share on these points.makes your business better than others. But you
Tips on Why You Should Become a Founderwill have to spill blood over it. Understand this up
Why become a founder?front and be prepared to pay the necessary
1. If you succeed as a founder, you will make farcosts.
more than you would as an employee. Obvious,It follows, of course, that if you are not ready to
but worth repeating.pay the costs you should stick with the steady
Founders want the large upside that will comejob.
from a successful venture. The goal is very hard3. When you launch, try to do so with a
to achieve but the rewards can be great.multi-talented team.
2. If you succeed as a founder, you keep moreThere is no fixed rule here. Experience confirms,
of what you earn.though, that a team will be far more likely to
As an employee, you will get hit withsucceed than will a sole founder. This may be just
ever-increasing taxes on your compensation.another way of saying that, if something is truly
Forget about the rich. It is the average employeegood, others will be drawn to it. More likely, it is
who gets soaked. You pay, say, up to a third ofanother way of saying that launching and building
what you earn for federal, state, and local incomea successful venture is hard to do and you need
taxes. Add another nearly 10% for payroll taxes.a multi-talented team to make it happen. Where
Now assume that inflation bumps you into higheryou cannot supply everything, others will supply
tax brackets. Rates are then raised for thosewhat you lack.
brackets. Then payroll tax rates go up. And the4. Make sure you have a sound business model.
social security cap lifted. And new taxes added toTechnical innovations are great but, in themselves,
fund future health benefits. You will be left with ancannot normally sustain a venture. Sometimes,
ever-diminishing net amount from your pay.they can be sold or licensed to a large company.
Welcome to being the employee of the future.Nothing wrong with that. In most cases, though
As a founder, however, your largest reward bytechnology will not be enough.
far will come not from salary but from a liquidityWith or without key technology, if a venture is to
event at which you cash in your chips. At thatbe successful, it must have a sound business
point, you pay a one-time capital gains tax for themodel that allows it to build and sustain a
vast part of the economic reward you derivemeaningful competitive advantage that makes it
from your venture. You pay less income taxconsistently profitable.
because the capital-gains rate is lower. And youWithout that, you will go nowhere, no matter how
pay no employment taxes at all. With capital gains,innovative this or that element of your venture
you also control timing somewhat and this canmay be.
further help minimize what you pay.5. Watch your expenses.
It all comes from the same effort. You sweat forWasteful spending is perhaps the single biggest
what you earn. You can take your reward asfault of early-stage companies.
ordinary income or, as a founder, convert a bigSmall business entrepreneurs have far less
part of it into far more advantageous equitydifficulty with this than do startup founders. Why?
gains. With success, you not only earn more butBecause they usually are dealing with their own
you keep more as well.money. If you know what it took to earn it in the
3. Being a founder can be not only financially butfirst place, the odds of your being profligate with
also psychologically rewarding.it are greatly reduced.
When you venture out, you get the chance toOne aspect of wasteful spending is simply
realize a vision for your company and to benefitextravagance. You get funded and you go out
not only yourself but also your co-founders, yourand get the best that money can buy. Expensive
investors, your employees, your customers andoffices. Extravagant salaries. Lavish parties. And
the public generally. You get to watch youron and on. In early-stage companies, you will
enterprise grow and prosper. You get to watch itregret such spending when you hit the bumps in
have an impact on others for good.the road where you wish you had that cash.
The satisfaction you can derive from success is aInevitably, you will hit such bumps. Plan accordingly.
great intangible reward.Another side to wasteful spending, though, comes
4. Finally, being a founder gives you thefrom not focusing your efforts properly in the
independence of being your own boss. You willearly stages. You have ten great things you want
rise or fall by your own merits. This is a greatto do as a company. You don't make good
opportunity and a great challenge. This is the onejudgments about which of these to focus on. You
advantage that most entrepreneurs will ultimatelyspend on all of them. In short order, your funds
say they value most.are dissipated before you can build a reasonable
Tips for Becoming a Successful Founderrevenue stream.
What does it take to be successful as a founder?Use good judgment about where you can best
Here are a few thoughts.use your limited funds and use them wisely.
1. Above all else, build from strength.6. Plan your legal roll-out carefully.
Be prepared before you venture out. Get aDon't front-load unnecessary legal expenses.
strong education. Work with the best to getWhen you are ready for a meaningful launch,
excellent training in your field. Master your craft.though, do your setup properly.
Build relationships. Take what you do best andIf you have a founding team, make sure you give
improve upon it. That is the key to innovation.serious thought to using restricted stock as
And this is the best path for most founders.opposed to outright stock grants when making
Or you might build on the strength of exceptionalgrants to founders. In other words, keep strings
entrepreneurial talent alone. Or a specialized skillon the stock until it is earned unless there is some
that lets you team with others who supply whatexceptional reason not to. Use cheap stock to
you might lack. Nothing formulaic here. But you doavoid tax problems. Get the IP into the company.
need to build on some form of strength.Get employment and consulting agreements in
This also means that you do not venture outplace, making sure all IP from such arrangements
based on a bare idea. Try this one from thegoes to the company. Review your trademark
bubble era: "I have worked one year inissues in connection with any branding you will do.
manufacturing and know how to revolutionize thatFile provisional patents as applicable. When you are
field through an idea I have for a website." Sorry,ready to bring on a broader team, set up an
but abstract ideas get you nowhere.equity incentive plan.
It also means you do not do something justWork closely with a good business lawyer to do
because you are tired of something else. Thinkthe legal steps right.
twice about that romantic little tea shop. That is,7. Fund your company incrementally where
unless you know about the business of tea shops.possible.
Others do, and they will make you pay. KnowThe worst trap an early-stage company can fall
what you are doing before you step intointo is one where it gets over-extended. Plan
something.intelligently to avoid this trap.
No one will carry you when you go out on yourWork with early-stage investors or have a
own. Therefore, be ready to build on somethingreserve of your own funds to carry you through
you do exceptionally well. That is your primarythe phases before you have meaningful revenues.
key to success as a founder.Don't put yourself in a position where you are out
2. Count the cost before you venture out.of options except for shopping your opportunity
You need the right temperament to go intoto VCs. You will either not get funded (the most
business for yourself. If you crave security andlikely outcome) or you will get slaughtered in the
certainty, being a founder is not for you.terms of the funding.
Don't romanticize the process either. Business isConclusion
tough. You will lose the certainty of a regularThink carefully before venturing forth as a
paycheck. You will have bills to pay, whether orfounder. The rewards can be great but you need
not you are making money. You will face ato be ready to deal with the challenges. If you
non-stop array of challenges, everything frombelieve you are, a big, open world of opportunity
people issues to financial pressures to competitorawaits you.
challenges to legal disputes to huge psychological